ABSTRACT
A fractured neck femur presenting beyond 3 weeks is referred to as a neglected fracture. The current literature is silent about neglected Basicervical fractures. The latter behave more like an intertrochanteric fracture and thus are less prone to complications such as non-union and avascular necrosis. We report a case of an adult male of 42-year-old of age presenting with a 10-month-old history fracture neck of the left femur following high energy injury. We treated the fracture with isolated closed-reduction and internal fixation with PFNA II, as the fracture was basicervical. We have achieved a union in 6 months of surgery. The patient had an excellent functional status 1-year follow-up.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#In children overlap of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis is labelled as autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). The only prospective pediatric study showed a high prevalence of ASC by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Aims of our study were to find the prevalence of ASC by using magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in AIH and in non-AIH cirrhosis and to compare clinical presentation and outcome of AIH and ASC. @*Methods@#Prospectively we did MRC in 38 children with AIH (cases) and 19 disease controls (Wilson disease). Multiple biliary strictures with proximal dilatation on MRC were taken as definitive changes of ASC. Detail clinical, laboratory parameters, liver histopathology and treatment outcome were recorded. @*Results@#The median age of cases was 11.5 (3–18) years, 22 (57.9%) were girls and 28 (73.7%) were diagnosed as type 1 AIH. MRC was done in 11 children (28.9%) at the time of diagnosis and in 27 (71.1%) after a median follow-up of 2.5 (0.3–10) years. Abnormal MRC changes were seen in 14/38 (36.8%) of AIH and 8/19 (42.1%) of controls. However, definite changes of ASC were present in four (10.5%) children in AIH and none in controls. None of the clinical, laboratory, histological parameters and treatment response were significantly different between ASC and AIH groups. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of ASC in children with AIH was just 10.5%. We suggest MRC in select group with cholestatic features, inflammatory bowel disease and in those who showed poor response to immunosuppression instead of all children with AIH.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#In children overlap of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis is labelled as autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). The only prospective pediatric study showed a high prevalence of ASC by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Aims of our study were to find the prevalence of ASC by using magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in AIH and in non-AIH cirrhosis and to compare clinical presentation and outcome of AIH and ASC. @*Methods@#Prospectively we did MRC in 38 children with AIH (cases) and 19 disease controls (Wilson disease). Multiple biliary strictures with proximal dilatation on MRC were taken as definitive changes of ASC. Detail clinical, laboratory parameters, liver histopathology and treatment outcome were recorded. @*Results@#The median age of cases was 11.5 (3–18) years, 22 (57.9%) were girls and 28 (73.7%) were diagnosed as type 1 AIH. MRC was done in 11 children (28.9%) at the time of diagnosis and in 27 (71.1%) after a median follow-up of 2.5 (0.3–10) years. Abnormal MRC changes were seen in 14/38 (36.8%) of AIH and 8/19 (42.1%) of controls. However, definite changes of ASC were present in four (10.5%) children in AIH and none in controls. None of the clinical, laboratory, histological parameters and treatment response were significantly different between ASC and AIH groups. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of ASC in children with AIH was just 10.5%. We suggest MRC in select group with cholestatic features, inflammatory bowel disease and in those who showed poor response to immunosuppression instead of all children with AIH.
ABSTRACT
Tarlov cysts are perineural cysts and are usually found in sacral region. The dorsal nerve root is encased in this type of the cyst. These may or may not be with any of the symptomatology. The entity is infrequently found as an incidental finding. These are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled sacs which are diagnosed on cross sectional imaging modalities especially in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tarlov cysts can cause different type of myelopathies as per their location and size. Methods: We present a series of seven cases where these perineural cysts were found during the routine imaging of lumbosacral spine. All these patients had undergone Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of lumbosacral spine for backache or some other pelvic complaints. In one case Computerized Tomography (CT) Myelography also helped in diagnosis and related bone remodeling.MR myelography adds to the delineation of CSF wrapping around the spinal cord. Results: Three patients were found to be symptomatic and the intensity of complaints corresponded to the size and location of the cysts. In our three cases, the etiopathogenesis also corresponded to the underlying development of these entities. Four patients were asymptomatic as the size of these cysts were small and not contributing to the complaints of the patient. Conclusion: MRI is the best modality to diagnose these perineural cysts which are responsible for different types of myelopathies .T2WI sequences in non contrast MRI studies are the best in delineating the size, shape, outline and location of these cysts. This also further elaborates their extension to the surrounding regions.MR myelography is adjuvant to more morphological features of these cysts.
ABSTRACT
Breakage of K-wires and stainless steel wires which are used for fracture fixation is not uncommon, but migration is rare. We report a case of migration of broken K-wire used for patella tension band wiring to the popliteal fossa. The broken hardware was removed surgically. We would like to suggest that K-wire and wire fixation used for treatment of patellar fractures can migrate into the posterior compartment of the knee and cause clinical symptoms. Close clinical and radiological follow-up after internal fixation to identify the presence of hardware breakage or movement and removal of wires once fracture has united can avert such complications.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Bone Wires , Equipment Failure , Foreign-Body Migration , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Methods , Fractures, Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Patella , Diagnostic Imaging , Wounds and Injuries , Radiography , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Percutaneous CT-guided needle biopsy of mediastinal and pulmonary lesions is a minimally invasive approach for obtaining tissue for histopathological examination. Although it is a widely accepted procedure with relatively few complications, precise planning and detailed knowledge of various aspects of the biopsy procedure is mandatory to avert complications. In this pictorial review, we reviewed important anatomical approaches, technical aspects of the procedure, and its associated complications.